Superfluid to Mott Insulator Transition

A condenstate in a shallow standing wave potential is a BEC, well described by a Bogoliubov approximate solution. As the potential gets deeper, though, eventually the system transitions into a state of localized atoms, with no long-range coherence, known as a Mott insulator. These physics are important in a wide range of condensed matter systems, and can be explored deeply with BECs.

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