Quantum gases
In this chapter, we discuss the three paradigmatic accomplishment of the field of cold atoms: Bose-Einstein condensation, the superfluid to Mott insulator transition, and superfluid Fermi gases., These are three current frontiers of research, all made possible by the combination of laser cooling and evaporative cooling. In the first section of this chapter, we present evaporative cooling and magnetic trapping, the two key techniques to achieve the nanokelvin temperature range (although more recently, evaporative cooling in optical traps has been used).
We hope that in the near future, we can add another section to this chapter, the study of magnetism in spin systems, realized with ultracold bosons and fermions. This goal is currently pursued in several labs.
- Techniques for cooling to ultralow temperatures
- Magnetic trapping and evaporative cooling (2009 Class notes)
- Ultracold Bosons
- 2009 Class notes
- Further reading: Bose-Einstein Condensation in Dilute Gases, C.J. Pethick and H. Smith, selected pages
- On Bogoliubov transformation and collective excitation: pp. 205-214
- On nonlinear Schrödinger equation: pp. 146-156
- On hydrodynamics: pp. 165-179
- Superlfuid to Mott insulator transition: Original paper on analytic decoupling solution
- Ultracold Fermi gases
- 2009 Class notes
- Further reading: Varenna summer school notes pp. 82-94
