Difference between revisions of "Quantum gases"

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The Bose-Einstein condensate is an exciting frontier of atomic physics, made possible by the addition of new cooling techniques beyond traditional laser cooling.  At such low temperatures, new physics arises, which is closely related to the behavior of spin systems in condensed matter systems and phenomena in strongly correlated systems.  These "quantum gases" have novel properties which go beyond the hydrodynamics of simple Bose-Einstein condensates, because of the contributions of internal states and spin statistics constraints. Here, we show how the richness of quantum gas physics is accessible to ultracold atoms, by describing the basic techniques used to create ultracold atomic quantum gases, and by exploring some of the novel physical phenomena which arise, such as the superfluid to Mott-insulator transition, and Bose-Fermi mixtures.
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* [[Techniques for cooling to ultralow temperatures]]
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In this chapter, we discuss the three paradigmatic accomplishment of the field of cold atoms:  Bose-Einstein condensation, the superfluid to Mott insulator transition, and superfluid Fermi gases., These are three current frontiers of research, all made possible by the combination of laser cooling and evaporative cooling.  In the first section of this chapter, we present evaporative cooling and magnetic trapping, the two key techniques to achieve the nanokelvin temperature range (although more recently, evaporative cooling in optical traps has been used).
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** Magnetic trapping and evaporative cooling (2009 [https://cua-admin.mit.edu:8443/wiki/images/9/98/Magnetic_trappping_and_evaporative_cooling.pdf Class notes])
 
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* Ultracold Bosons 
 
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** 2009 [https://cua-admin.mit.edu:8443/wiki/images/a/a6/AMO_class_BEC_09-05-04_short.pdf Class notes]
 
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** Further reading:  Bose-Einstein Condensation in Dilute Gases, C.J. Pethick and H. Smith, selected pages
 
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**            On Bogoliubov transformation and collective excitation:  [http://cua.mit.edu/8.422/HANDOUTS/BECinDiluteGases205-214.pdf pp. 205-214]
 
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**            On nonlinear Schrödinger equation: [http://cua.mit.edu/8.422/HANDOUTS/BECinDiluteGases146-157.pdf pp. 146-156]
 
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**            On hydrodynamics:  [http://cua.mit.edu/8.422/HANDOUTS/BECinDiluteGases165-179.pdf pp. 165-179]
 
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* Superlfuid to Mott insulator transition:  Original paper on analytic decoupling solution
 
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* [[Superfluid to Mott insulator transition]]
 
  
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* Ultracold Fermi gases
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We hope that in the near future, we can add another section to this chapter, the study of magnetism in spin systems, realized with ultracold bosons and fermions.  This goal is currently pursued in several labs.
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** 2009 [https://cua-admin.mit.edu:8443/wiki/images/3/31/AMO_Fermions_2009.pdf Class notes]
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*[[Quantum Scattering Theory]]
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* [[Ultracold Bosons]]
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** [[Ideal Bose Gas]]
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** [[Weakly Interacting Homogeneous Bose Gas]]
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** [[Inhomogeneous Bose Gas]]
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** [[Superfluid Hydrodynamics]]
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** [[Superfluid to Mott Insulator Transition]]
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*** Superfluid to Mott insulator transition: Original paper on analytic decoupling solution [[File:PRA_Stoof_MI_e053601.pdf]]
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** Further reading:  Bose-Einstein Condensation in Dilute Gases, C.J. Pethick and H. Smith, selected pages
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*** On Bogoliubov transformation and collective excitation:  [http://cua.mit.edu/8.422/HANDOUTS/BECinDiluteGases205-214.pdf handout pp. 205-214] (link broken)
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*** On nonlinear Schrödinger equation:  [http://cua.mit.edu/8.422/HANDOUTS/BECinDiluteGases146-157.pdf handout pp. 146-156] (link broken)
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*** On hydrodynamics:  [http://cua.mit.edu/8.422/HANDOUTS/BECinDiluteGases165-179.pdf handout pp. 165-179] (link broken)
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**'''2009 Class Notes''' [[File:AMO_class_BEC_09-05-04_short.pdf]]
  
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* [[Ultracold Fermi gases]]
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** [[Ideal Fermi Gas]]
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** [[Attractively Interacting Fermi gases - Pairing Instability]]
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** [[BEC-BCS Crossover]]
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** [[Repulsively Interacting Fermi gases - Stoner Instability]]
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** Further reading:  Varenna summer school notes: [[File:Kett08 Varenna notes Fermi Gases.pdf]] 
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**'''2009 Class notes''' [[File:AMO Fermions 2009.pdf]]
 
[[Category:8.422]]
 
[[Category:8.422]]

Latest revision as of 15:46, 22 May 2017

▼ Category:8.422
► Category:Quantum Light
► Category:Optical Bloch Equations
► Category:Bose-Einstein condensates
► Category:Ion traps and quantum information
► Category:Light forces
► Category:Photon-atom interactions
  Introduction to Atomic Physics
  Quantum light: states and dynamics
  Optical Bloch equations
  Photon-atom interactions
  Frontiers in Atomic Physics
  Ion traps and quantum information
  Quantum gases

In this chapter, we discuss the three paradigmatic accomplishment of the field of cold atoms: Bose-Einstein condensation, the superfluid to Mott insulator transition, and superfluid Fermi gases., These are three current frontiers of research, all made possible by the combination of laser cooling and evaporative cooling. In the first section of this chapter, we present evaporative cooling and magnetic trapping, the two key techniques to achieve the nanokelvin temperature range (although more recently, evaporative cooling in optical traps has been used).

We hope that in the near future, we can add another section to this chapter, the study of magnetism in spin systems, realized with ultracold bosons and fermions. This goal is currently pursued in several labs.

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